COVALENT BONDING
Covalent Bonding - occurs only when electrons are shared by the atoms.
Covalent bonds are made up of mostly nonmetals. Unlike ionic bonds, which gives away electrons, covalent bonds refuse to give away electrons but instead shares kindly with other ions. Although they wish to share electrons, they still very much desire the noble gas formation which means that they desire the full amount of electrons they can have in a shell. For an example, Calcium would would be written as [Ar]4s^2 to resemble Ar, Argon. Calcium is the closest to Argon so that is where the Ar comes from. The "4s" is the name of the row and the sub level in the periodic table and the 2 is the spaces away from Argon. Here's the video that explains it more!
In addition when there is a electron that is not taking part in the covalent bond, it is called the lone pairs. When the electrons are shared, they are called bond pairs.
In addition when there is a electron that is not taking part in the covalent bond, it is called the lone pairs. When the electrons are shared, they are called bond pairs.